What Are The Yarns And Their Raw Materials

What are the yarns and their raw materials

By yarn material

1. Pure spinning Pure spinning is a yarn spun from cotton yarn, hemp yarn, silk yarn and other fiber materials. This yarn is suitable for making pure textiles.

2. Blended yarn Blended yarn is a yarn spun from two or more fibers, such as polyester-cotton blended yarn, wool and viscose blended yarn, etc. This yarn is used in fabrics that highlight the advantages of both fibers.

According to yarn thickness

1. Coarse and special yarn: Coarse and special yarn refers to the yarn of 32t and above (Imperial system, 18bts and below). This yarn is suitable for thick fabrics such as tweed, denim, etc.

2. Medium special yarn: Medium special yarn refers to the yarn of 21-32 tex (19-28 British count). This yarn is suitable for medium-thick fabrics such as plain weave, gabardine, khaki, etc.

3. Fine special yarn: Fine special yarn refers to the yarn of 11 to 20 tons (29 to 54 British thread). This yarn is suitable for thin fabrics such as muslin, poplin, etc.

4. Extra-fine yarn: Extra-fine yarn refers to the yarn of 10t and below (58 and above in imperial system). This kind of yarn is suitable for high-grade fine fabrics, such as high-count shirts, worsted sweaters, etc.

by rotating system

1. Worsted yarn Worsted yarn, also known as combed yarn, refers to the yarn spun through the combing process, including combed cotton yarn and combed wool yarn. The fibers in the yarn have high parallel straightness, uniformity and smoothness, but the cost is high and the yarn count is high. Combed yarn is mainly used as raw material for high-grade fabrics and knitwear, such as spinning, tweed, tweed, sweaters, etc.

2. Roving roving, also known as combed wool yarn or combed cotton yarn, refers to the yarn that is combed according to the general spinning system without going through the combing process. Roving contains more short fibers, poor parallel straightness of fibers, loose structure, more antlers, less count, and poor quality. This kind of yarn is mostly used as the raw material for general fabrics and knitwear, such as woolen fabrics, medium and ultra-cotton fabrics, etc.

3. Waste spinning Waste spinning refers to yarns spun from textile scraps (waste cotton) or mixed with inferior raw materials. The yarn is of poor quality, softness, unevenness, impurities, and color difference. Generally, it is only used for weaving low-grade fabrics such as coarse cotton blankets, thick flannel, packaging cloth, etc.

by spinning

1. Ring-spun yarn Ring-spun yarn refers to the yarn twisted by the traditional spinning method on the ring spinning frame. The fibers in the yarn are wound inside and outside, the yarn structure is dense and the strength is high, but the production efficiency is limited due to relying on a set of mechanisms to complete the twisting and winding at the same time. This yarn is versatile and can be used in a variety of fabrics, braids and ropes.

2. Free-end yarn Free-end yarn refers to the cohesion and twisting of fibers into yarn in the rotor flow field or electrostatic field rotating at high speed. The twisting and winding of the yarn are completed by different parts, with high efficiency and low cost.

(1) Rotor yarn: Rotor yarn, also known as rotor yarn, uses air flow to rotate the fibers at high speed in the rotor to condense and twist them into yarn. Compared with ring spinning, the yarn structure is fluffy, wear-resistant, even, and dyed brightly, but the strength is low. This type of yarn is mainly used for knitted products in fluffy and thick plain weave fabrics, flannel fabrics with good hand and woven fabrics.

(2) Electrostatic yarn: Electrostatic yarn is a yarn formed by using electrostatic field to gather and twist fibers. The yarn structure is the same as that of roving, and its use is similar to that of roving.

(3) Vortex yarn: Vortex yarn is a yarn spun with a fixed vortex spinning tube instead of a high-speed rotor. The yarn has many bent fibers, low strength and poor evenness, but has good dyeability and abrasion resistance. This kind of yarn is mostly used in plush fabrics, such as sweaters, sportswear, etc.

(4) Dust cage yarn: Dust cage yarn, also known as friction spinning, is a yarn formed by gathering and twisting fibers with a pair of dust cages. The yarn has a layered structure, the core twist is large, the hand is hard, and the outer twist is small, and the hand is soft. This yarn is mainly used in technical textiles and upholstery fabrics, but also in outerwear (such as work and protective clothing).

3. Non-free-end yarn: Non-free-end yarn is another new spinning method different from free-end yarn, that is, in the process of twisting fibers, the two ends of the fiber strip are clamped instead of the free end. This new type of yarn includes self-twisting, air-jet and core-spun yarns.

(1) Self-twisting yarn: Self-twisting yarn is a new type of yarn without free ends. It applies false twist to two slivers by means of reciprocating rollers. When the slivers approach in parallel, they twist each other into yarn under the action of untwisting and rotation. This yarn has uneven twist, untwisted segments on one yarn, and low yarn tenacity. It is suitable for producing wool yarn and chemical fiber yarn, more suitable for fancy fabrics and suede fabrics.

(2) Air-Jet Yarn Air-jet yarn is a kind of yarn that uses the high-speed jet eddy current generated by compressed air to apply false twist to the yarn and wrap the kink. The yarn structure is unique, the core of the yarn is almost untwisted, and the outer fibers are randomly wound. The yarn is loose, rough and low in strength. This yarn can be processed into woven and knitted fabrics for men's and women's jackets, shirts, sportswear and workwear.

(3) Core-spun yarn: Core-spun yarn is a kind of yarn with filament as the core and wrapped with short fibers. It has the advantages of core-spun filament and wrapped short-fiber, making the yarn-forming performance surpass that of a single fiber. Commonly used yarn core-spun filaments include polyester filament, nylon filament and spandex filament, and purchased staple fibers include cotton, polyester/cotton, acrylic, wool, etc. At present, core-spun yarn is mainly used as sewing thread, shirting fabric, rotten fabric and elastic fabric.

By yarn structure

1. Single yarn: Single yarn refers to a yarn with only one fiber bundle twisted. Pure spun yarn can be spun into a pure textile from one raw material, or a blended yarn can be made from two or more raw materials to form a blended fabric.

2. Stranded yarn: Stranded yarn is a thread formed by twisting two or more single yarns. Its strength and abrasion resistance are better than single yarn. At the same time, the strands can also be combined and twisted in a certain way to obtain double-strand, triple-strand, multi-strand and other composite stranded strands. Mainly used for sewing thread, knitting thread or medium-thick solid fabrics.

3. Monofilament: Monofilament is composed of fiber filaments. Its diameter depends on the thickness of the filaments. Generally only used to process thin and thin fabrics or knitted fabrics, such as nylon socks, veil towels, etc.

4. Textured yarn: Textured yarn is obtained from synthetic fiber filaments from drawing to crimping deformation, also known as textured yarn or processed yarn. Textured yarns include high elastic yarns, low elastic yarns, bulked yarns and mesh yarns.

(1) High elastic wire: High elastic wire or high elastic deformed wire has high elasticity and general bulkiness. Mainly used for elastic fabrics, mainly nylon high elastic yarn.

(2) Low elastic yarn: Low elastic yarn or deformed elastic yarn has moderate elasticity and bulkiness. Mainly used for knitted fabrics, mainly polyester low-elastic yarn.

(3) Bulk yarn: Bulk yarn has low elasticity and high bulk. Mainly used for fabrics with good bulk, such as wool, underwear or coats. Its typical representative is acrylic bulked yarn, also known as cashmere.

(4) Mesh wire, also known as cross-wound wire, is formed by holding some wires together before forming in the process of chemical fiber spinning. This silk feels soft and fluffy with a good wool-like effect. Mostly used for women's tweed. Golf, which has become popular in recent years, is also made of this silk.

6. Fancy yarn: Fancy yarn refers to the yarn with special appearance, feel, structure and texture obtained by various processing methods. Mainly divided into three categories:

(1) Fancy yarn: Fancy yarn refers to the yarn in which colored fibers are mixed into the fibers of the base yarn in a certain proportion, so that the yarn presents bright color segments and color points of different lengths and sizes, such as colored dots and lines, Rainbow line etc. This yarn is mostly used in women's and men's jackets.

(2) Fancy yarn: Fancy yarn is a yarn with various appearance characteristics obtained by using the principle of overfeeding, such as loop yarn, slub yarn, spiral yarn, knot yarn, etc. Fabrics made from this yarn are fluffy, soft and warm, with a unique look and strong three-dimensional feel. It can be used not only for light and thin fabrics in summer, but also for heavy fabrics in winter. Can be used as clothing fabrics and decorative materials.

(3) Special fancy wire: Special fancy wire mainly refers to gold and silver wire, chenille wire, etc. Gold and silver wires mainly refer to gold and silver wires obtained by sandwiching aluminum sheets between polyester film sheets or steaming on polyester films. It can be used for both fabric and decorative sewing thread to make the fabric surface bright and beautiful. Chenille yarn is a special fancy yarn in which the fibers are clamped to a composite core spun yarn like a bottle brush. Soft to the touch, widely used in flocking fabrics and earrings fabrics.

Use by yarn

1. Woven yarn: Woven yarn refers to the yarn used for processing woven fabrics, which is divided into warp yarn and weft yarn. The warp yarn is used as the longitudinal yarn of the fabric, which has the characteristics of large twist, high strength and good wear resistance; the weft yarn is used as the horizontal yarn of the fabric, which has the characteristics of small twist, low strength, but softness.

2. Knitting yarn: Knitting yarn is the yarn used for knitting fabrics. Yarns require high quality, low twist and moderate tenacity.

3. Other yarns: including sewing thread, embroidery thread, knitting thread, miscellaneous thread, etc. Depending on the application, the requirements for these yarns are also different.